A complete guide to STM32 GPIO modes. Learn about Push-Pull, Open-Drain, Alternate Functions, Floating, Pull-Up, Pull-Down, and Analog inputs, with circuit diagrams, register explanations, and practical applications. Preface: STM32 has eight modes, as follows: The STM32 standard IO structure diagram is as follows: The following circuit is a protection circuit. When the voltage is greater…

What is BadUSB? Using the STM32F407 development board, we’ll study HID device development and implement a low-cost BadUSB. This article uses the development board for testing. Those with the means can also create a PCB prototype and print the enclosure to create a highly realistic BadUSB.BadUSB is an attack that masquerades as a USB HID…