DevOps HTTP Status Codes Explained: Complete Guide to 1xx, 2xx, 3xx, 4xx, 5xx with Examples
Learn everything about HTTP Status Codes (200, 301, 404, 500) with clear explanations, categories, and examples. Perfect for web developers, backend engineers, API learners, and SEO specialists. If you have ever developed or used an API, you have undoubtedly encountered HTTP Status Codes. When you get responses like 200 OK or 404 Not Found, those are the three digit…
DevOps Git Hooks Tutorial: Automate Your Git Workflow with Hooks
Introduction to Git Hooks Git is more than just a version control system. It also provides automation to improve developer productivity. One of these features is Git Hooks. Git Hooks are scripts that Git automatically executes before or after specific events, such as commiting code, pushing to a remote repository or merging branches. They allow developers to automate tasks seamlessly within the…
DevOps How to Implement Multiple Middlewares in Next.js | Authentication, i18n & Modular Middleware Guide
Learn how to implement multiple middlewares in Next.js step by step. This guide covers authentication middleware, i18n (internationalization), modular middleware structure, and best practices for clean, scalable Next.js applications. When building medium-to-large Next.js applications, we often need to perform some preprocessing before requests enter the application, such as user authentication, internationalization settings, and redirects. Starting…
System Linux/Unix Signals Explained: Ctrl+C, Ctrl+Z, kill, pkill, nohup, &, and tmux Process Management Guide
A complete guide to Linux/Unix signals and process management. Learn how Ctrl+C, Ctrl+Z, kill, pkill, nohup, &, and tmux work behind the scenes. Discover how to gracefully terminate processes, run tasks in the background, keep services alive after logout, and manage multiple sessions with tmux for efficient system administration. 1. Introduction In the Linux/Unix world,…
AI GPT-4o vs Claude Sonnet 3.5 vs Invofox: Best Document Parsing APIs (Python Invoice Parsing Examples)
Extracting structured data from unstructured documents (like PDFs and images) can get tricky fast. With the rise of foundation models and purpose-built APIs, it’s now possible to turn even a messy invoice into clean JSON with just a few lines of code. So I will compare three different ways to parse documents: using OpenAI’s GPT‑4o,…
Cybersecurity Using C# to steal tokens and gain system permissions
Intro Grzegorz Tworek recently published some C code demonstrating how to steal and impersonate Windows tokens from a process. The standard way to do this is with the OpenProcess, OpenProcessToken, DuplicateTokenEx, and ImpersonateLoggedOnUser APIs. Grzegorz shows how to achieve the same using Nt* APIs, specifically NtOpenProcess, NtOpenProcessToken, NtDuplicateToken, and NtSetInformationThread. Because I’m a C# junky, I…
DevOps Top 20 Essential Linux Commands for Beginners and Sysadmins | Complete Guide
Back when I started managing servers, I remember staring at the terminal, completely lost. The blinking cursor felt like it was mocking me. Fast forward a few years, and now Linux Commands feel as natural as breathing. Whether you’re currently managing Linux servers or planning to, these twenty Linux Commands will prove essential time and time again. 1. ssh…
Cybersecurity BadUSB Principles and STM32 HID Tutorial (Source Code and GitHub Link)
What is BadUSB? Using the STM32F407 development board, we’ll study HID device development and implement a low-cost BadUSB. This article uses the development board for testing. Those with the means can also create a PCB prototype and print the enclosure to create a highly realistic BadUSB.BadUSB is an attack that masquerades as a USB HID…
DevOps Mastering Python Asynchronous Programming: asyncio Tutorial, Examples & Best Practices
A complete guide to Python asynchronous programming with asyncio. Learn the basics of async/await, concurrency, and best practices to build faster, more efficient web apps, API calls, and data pipelines with Python. As developers, one of the challenges we constantly face is making our applications faster and more efficient. Whether you’re building a web app,…